A historical overview of the appearance and spread of Musa pests and pathogens on the African continent: highlighting the importance of clean Musa planting materials and quarantine measures
Identifieur interne : 004B28 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 004B27; suivant : 004B29A historical overview of the appearance and spread of Musa pests and pathogens on the African continent: highlighting the importance of clean Musa planting materials and quarantine measures
Auteurs : G. Blomme [Ouganda] ; R. Ploetz [États-Unis] ; D. Jones [Royaume-Uni] ; E. De Langhe [Belgique] ; N. Price [Royaume-Uni] ; C. Gold [États-Unis] ; A. Geering [Australie] ; A. Viljoen [Afrique du Sud] ; D. Karamura [Ouganda] ; M. Pillay [Afrique du Sud] ; W. Tinzaara [Ouganda] ; P. Teycheney [France] ; P. Lepoint [Burundi] ; E. Karamura [Ouganda] ; I. Buddenhagen [États-Unis]Source :
- Annals of Applied Biology [ 0003-4746 ] ; 2013-01.
Descripteurs français
- Pascal (Inist)
- Wicri :
- geographic : Bénin, Burundi, Cameroun, Fidji, Gabon, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Tanzanie, Ouganda, Zambie.
- topic : Historique, Maurice, Maladie végétale, Culture tropicale, Plantation, Production végétale.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Acta horticulturae, African, African continent, Anon, Appl, Appl biol, Applied biology, Awak, Badnavirus, Badnavirus species, Banana, Banana bunchy, Banana bunchy top virus, Banana crop protection, Banana cultivars, Banana cultivation, Banana diseases, Banana fusarium, Banana production, Banana streak, Banana streak disease, Banana streak virus, Banana weevil, Banana xanthomonas, Bananiers, Bbtv, Benin, Biol, Biologist, Black leaf streak, Blomme, Bluggoe, Borer, Borer weevil, Bsolv, Buddenhagen, Bunchy, Burundi, Cabi publishing, Cameroon, Canary islands, Case history, Cavendish, Cavendish plantations, Cavendish subgroup, Central africa, Central america, Centre, Comoros islands, Congo belge, Congo brazzaville, Cosmopolite, Cosmopolites sordidus, Cote, Cubense, Cultivar, Curculionidae, Dabek waller, Democratic republic, Different countries, Dwarf cavendish, East africa, East african, Eastern africa, Endogenous, Enset, Entebbe, Equatorial guinea, Ethnobotany research, Eumusae, Eumusae leaf spot, Fiji, Forestry journal, Foure manser, Fullerton, Fusarium, Fusarium oxysporum, Gabon, Gatsinzi sebasigari, General study, Genetic resource, Genome, Germplasm, Great lakes region, Gros, Gros michel, Highland, Highland banana, Historical overview, Iita, Infomusa, Inibap, International symposium, International workshop, Jiensis, Jiensis morelet, Jones mourichon, Kagera region, Kampala, Kenya, Kumar, Lake victoria, Langhe, Lockhart, Madagascar, Magee, Malawi, Masl, Mauritius, Michel, Montpellier, Mourichon, Mozambique, Musa, Musa germplasm, Musa pests, Musacearum, Musicola, Mycosis, Mycosphaerella, Mycosphaerella musicola, Nematoda, Nematode, Ngundu taylor, Nigeria, Oben, Outbreak, Overview, Oxford university press, Oxysporum, Panama disease, Pathogen, Pathogenic, Personal communication, Pest, Pest organism, Pisang, Pisang awak, Plant disease, Plant introduction, Plant material, Plant pathology, Plant production, Plantain, Plantain pests, Planting, Ploetz, Ploetz pegg, Poovan, Pratylenchus coffeae, Pratylenchus goodeyi, Quarantine, Radopholus, Radopholus similis, Randy ploetz, Recent advances, Rusizi valley, Rutherford, Rwanda, Sebasigari, Sebasigari stover, Sierra leone, Sigatoka, Sigatoka leaf spot, Sigatoka leaf spots, Similis, Simmonds, Sordidus, Southern africa, Stover, Subgroup, Sugarcane, Sukari ndizi, Sustainable production, Tanzania, Teycheney geering, Tropical agriculture, Tropical asia, Tropical pest management, Tropical race, Tushemereirwe, Uganda, Vcgs, Viljoen, Virology, Vrydaghs, Weevil, West africa, Western kenya, Xanthomonas, Xanthomonas campestris, Yangambi, Zambia, Zanzibar.
- Teeft :
- Acta horticulturae, African continent, Anon, Appl, Appl biol, Awak, Badnavirus, Badnavirus species, Banana, Banana bunchy, Banana crop protection, Banana cultivars, Banana cultivation, Banana diseases, Banana fusarium, Banana production, Banana streak, Banana streak disease, Banana streak virus, Banana weevil, Banana xanthomonas, Bananiers, Bbtv, Benin, Biol, Biologist, Black leaf streak, Blomme, Bluggoe, Borer, Borer weevil, Bsolv, Buddenhagen, Bunchy, Burundi, Cabi publishing, Cameroon, Canary islands, Cavendish, Cavendish plantations, Cavendish subgroup, Central africa, Central america, Centre, Comoros islands, Congo belge, Congo brazzaville, Cosmopolite, Cosmopolites sordidus, Cote, Cubense, Cultivar, Dabek waller, Democratic republic, Different countries, Dwarf cavendish, East africa, East african, Eastern africa, Endogenous, Enset, Entebbe, Equatorial guinea, Ethnobotany research, Eumusae, Eumusae leaf spot, Fiji, Forestry journal, Foure manser, Fullerton, Fusarium, Fusarium oxysporum, Gabon, Gatsinzi sebasigari, Genome, Germplasm, Great lakes region, Gros, Gros michel, Highland, Highland banana, Historical overview, Iita, Infomusa, Inibap, International symposium, International workshop, Jiensis, Jiensis morelet, Jones mourichon, Kagera region, Kampala, Kenya, Kumar, Lake victoria, Langhe, Lockhart, Madagascar, Magee, Malawi, Masl, Mauritius, Michel, Montpellier, Mourichon, Mozambique, Musa, Musa germplasm, Musa pests, Musacearum, Musicola, Mycosphaerella, Mycosphaerella musicola, Nematode, Ngundu taylor, Nigeria, Oben, Outbreak, Overview, Oxford university press, Oxysporum, Panama disease, Pathogen, Personal communication, Pest, Pisang, Pisang awak, Plant disease, Plant material, Plant pathology, Plantain, Plantain pests, Ploetz, Ploetz pegg, Poovan, Pratylenchus coffeae, Pratylenchus goodeyi, Radopholus, Radopholus similis, Randy ploetz, Recent advances, Rusizi valley, Rutherford, Rwanda, Sebasigari, Sebasigari stover, Sierra leone, Sigatoka, Sigatoka leaf spot, Sigatoka leaf spots, Similis, Simmonds, Sordidus, Southern africa, Stover, Subgroup, Sugarcane, Sukari ndizi, Sustainable production, Tanzania, Teycheney geering, Tropical agriculture, Tropical asia, Tropical pest management, Tropical race, Tushemereirwe, Uganda, Vcgs, Viljoen, Virology, Vrydaghs, Weevil, West africa, Western kenya, Xanthomonas, Xanthomonas campestris, Yangambi, Zambia, Zanzibar.
Abstract
The genus Musa is not native to Africa. It evolved in tropical Asia, from southwest India eastward to the island of New Guinea. There is a growing circumstantial evidence which suggests that the East African Highland banana and the tropical lowland plantain were cultivated on the African continent since before 1 AD. It is also probable that ABB cooking and AB and AAB dessert cultivars were brought to the continent from India by Arabian traders from 600 AD, and that these were disseminated throughout East Africa. During the colonial era, the main centres of distribution for banana cultivars were botanical gardens, such as Zomba in Malawi, Entebbe in Uganda and Amani in Tanzania. It appears that the very early introductions of Highland banana and plantain arrived in Africa as a relatively clean material without the conspicuous pests and diseases that affect them in Asia. In contrast, several devastating problems now impact the crop in Africa, including nematodes, the borer weevil and diseases, most notably banana bunchy top, banana streak, Sigatoka leaf spots, Xanthomonas wilt and Fusarium wilt. We (a) provide chronological overviews of the first reports/observations of different Musa pests and pathogens/diseases in Africa, (b) highlight specific examples of when a pest or pathogen/disease was introduced via planting materials and (c) give recent examples of how the pests and pathogens spread to new regions via planting materials. In total, these production constraints threaten banana and plantain production throughout the continent and impact those who can ill afford lost production, the small‐holder producer. Our intent in this review is to highlight the significance of these problems and the great importance that infested planting materials have played in their development.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/aab.12002
Affiliations:
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Jones</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Droitwich Spa, Worcestershire</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Worcestershire</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Langhe, E" sort="De Langhe, E" uniqKey="De Langhe E" first="E." last="De Langhe">E. De Langhe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Crop Biotechnics and Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, K.U. Leuven, Leuven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Leuven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Price, N" sort="Price, N" uniqKey="Price N" first="N." last="Price">N. Price</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Canterbury, Kent</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kent</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gold, C" sort="Gold, C" uniqKey="Gold C" first="C." last="Gold">C. 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Viljoen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Stellenbosch</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karamura, D" sort="Karamura, D" uniqKey="Karamura D" first="D." last="Karamura">D. Karamura</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>Commodity Systems & Genetic Resources Programme,Bioversity International Uganda Office, Kampala, Naguru</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Naguru</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pillay, M" sort="Pillay, M" uniqKey="Pillay M" first="M." last="Pillay">M. Pillay</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Biosciences Department, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Vanderbijlpark</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tinzaara, W" sort="Tinzaara, W" uniqKey="Tinzaara W" first="W." last="Tinzaara">W. Tinzaara</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>Commodity Systems & Genetic Resources Programme,Bioversity International Uganda Office, Kampala, Naguru</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Naguru</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teycheney, P" sort="Teycheney, P" uniqKey="Teycheney P" first="P." last="Teycheney">P. Teycheney</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>UMR AGAP, Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales, CIRAD‐Bios, Station de Neufchâteau Sainte‐Marie, Guadeloupe, Capesterre Belle‐Eau</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Capesterre Belle‐Eau</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Capesterre Belle‐Eau</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lepoint, P" sort="Lepoint, P" uniqKey="Lepoint P" first="P." last="Lepoint">P. Lepoint</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Burundi</country><wicri:regionArea>Commodity Systems and Genetic Resources Programme, Bioversity‐CIALCA Burundi Office, Bujumbura</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bujumbura</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karamura, E" sort="Karamura, E" uniqKey="Karamura E" first="E." last="Karamura">E. Karamura</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>Commodity Systems & Genetic Resources Programme,Bioversity International Uganda Office, Kampala, Naguru</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Naguru</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buddenhagen, I" sort="Buddenhagen, I" uniqKey="Buddenhagen I" first="I." last="Buddenhagen">I. Buddenhagen</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Plant Sciences, Davis, CA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Annals of Applied Biology</title><title level="j" type="alt">ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY</title><idno type="ISSN">0003-4746</idno><idno type="eISSN">1744-7348</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">162</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="4">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="26">26</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">23</biblScope><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2013-01">2013-01</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0003-4746</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno 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weevil</term><term>Bsolv</term><term>Buddenhagen</term><term>Bunchy</term><term>Burundi</term><term>Cabi publishing</term><term>Cameroon</term><term>Canary islands</term><term>Case history</term><term>Cavendish</term><term>Cavendish plantations</term><term>Cavendish subgroup</term><term>Central africa</term><term>Central america</term><term>Centre</term><term>Comoros islands</term><term>Congo belge</term><term>Congo brazzaville</term><term>Cosmopolite</term><term>Cosmopolites sordidus</term><term>Cote</term><term>Cubense</term><term>Cultivar</term><term>Curculionidae</term><term>Dabek waller</term><term>Democratic republic</term><term>Different countries</term><term>Dwarf cavendish</term><term>East africa</term><term>East african</term><term>Eastern africa</term><term>Endogenous</term><term>Enset</term><term>Entebbe</term><term>Equatorial guinea</term><term>Ethnobotany research</term><term>Eumusae</term><term>Eumusae leaf spot</term><term>Fiji</term><term>Forestry 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germplasm</term><term>Musa pests</term><term>Musacearum</term><term>Musicola</term><term>Mycosis</term><term>Mycosphaerella</term><term>Mycosphaerella musicola</term><term>Nematoda</term><term>Nematode</term><term>Ngundu taylor</term><term>Nigeria</term><term>Oben</term><term>Outbreak</term><term>Overview</term><term>Oxford university press</term><term>Oxysporum</term><term>Panama disease</term><term>Pathogen</term><term>Pathogenic</term><term>Personal communication</term><term>Pest</term><term>Pest organism</term><term>Pisang</term><term>Pisang awak</term><term>Plant disease</term><term>Plant introduction</term><term>Plant material</term><term>Plant pathology</term><term>Plant production</term><term>Plantain</term><term>Plantain pests</term><term>Planting</term><term>Ploetz</term><term>Ploetz pegg</term><term>Poovan</term><term>Pratylenchus coffeae</term><term>Pratylenchus goodeyi</term><term>Quarantine</term><term>Radopholus</term><term>Radopholus similis</term><term>Randy ploetz</term><term>Recent advances</term><term>Rusizi valley</term><term>Rutherford</term><term>Rwanda</term><term>Sebasigari</term><term>Sebasigari stover</term><term>Sierra leone</term><term>Sigatoka</term><term>Sigatoka leaf spot</term><term>Sigatoka leaf spots</term><term>Similis</term><term>Simmonds</term><term>Sordidus</term><term>Southern africa</term><term>Stover</term><term>Subgroup</term><term>Sugarcane</term><term>Sukari ndizi</term><term>Sustainable production</term><term>Tanzania</term><term>Teycheney geering</term><term>Tropical agriculture</term><term>Tropical asia</term><term>Tropical pest management</term><term>Tropical race</term><term>Tushemereirwe</term><term>Uganda</term><term>Vcgs</term><term>Viljoen</term><term>Virology</term><term>Vrydaghs</term><term>Weevil</term><term>West africa</term><term>Western kenya</term><term>Xanthomonas</term><term>Xanthomonas campestris</term><term>Yangambi</term><term>Zambia</term><term>Zanzibar</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Africain</term><term>Banane</term><term>Biologie appliquée</term><term>Curculionidae</term><term>Déprédateur</term><term>Etude générale</term><term>Fusarium</term><term>Historique</term><term>Introduction végétal</term><term>Musa</term><term>Mycose</term><term>Nematoda</term><term>Organisme nuisible</term><term>Pathogène</term><term>Plantation</term><term>Production végétale</term><term>Quarantaine</term><term>Ressource génétique</term><term>Virus bunchy top bananier</term><term>Xanthomonas</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Acta horticulturae</term><term>African continent</term><term>Anon</term><term>Appl</term><term>Appl biol</term><term>Awak</term><term>Badnavirus</term><term>Badnavirus species</term><term>Banana</term><term>Banana bunchy</term><term>Banana crop protection</term><term>Banana cultivars</term><term>Banana cultivation</term><term>Banana diseases</term><term>Banana fusarium</term><term>Banana production</term><term>Banana streak</term><term>Banana streak disease</term><term>Banana streak virus</term><term>Banana weevil</term><term>Banana xanthomonas</term><term>Bananiers</term><term>Bbtv</term><term>Benin</term><term>Biol</term><term>Biologist</term><term>Black leaf streak</term><term>Blomme</term><term>Bluggoe</term><term>Borer</term><term>Borer weevil</term><term>Bsolv</term><term>Buddenhagen</term><term>Bunchy</term><term>Burundi</term><term>Cabi publishing</term><term>Cameroon</term><term>Canary islands</term><term>Cavendish</term><term>Cavendish plantations</term><term>Cavendish subgroup</term><term>Central africa</term><term>Central america</term><term>Centre</term><term>Comoros islands</term><term>Congo belge</term><term>Congo brazzaville</term><term>Cosmopolite</term><term>Cosmopolites sordidus</term><term>Cote</term><term>Cubense</term><term>Cultivar</term><term>Dabek waller</term><term>Democratic republic</term><term>Different countries</term><term>Dwarf cavendish</term><term>East africa</term><term>East african</term><term>Eastern africa</term><term>Endogenous</term><term>Enset</term><term>Entebbe</term><term>Equatorial guinea</term><term>Ethnobotany research</term><term>Eumusae</term><term>Eumusae leaf spot</term><term>Fiji</term><term>Forestry journal</term><term>Foure manser</term><term>Fullerton</term><term>Fusarium</term><term>Fusarium oxysporum</term><term>Gabon</term><term>Gatsinzi sebasigari</term><term>Genome</term><term>Germplasm</term><term>Great lakes region</term><term>Gros</term><term>Gros michel</term><term>Highland</term><term>Highland banana</term><term>Historical overview</term><term>Iita</term><term>Infomusa</term><term>Inibap</term><term>International symposium</term><term>International workshop</term><term>Jiensis</term><term>Jiensis morelet</term><term>Jones mourichon</term><term>Kagera region</term><term>Kampala</term><term>Kenya</term><term>Kumar</term><term>Lake victoria</term><term>Langhe</term><term>Lockhart</term><term>Madagascar</term><term>Magee</term><term>Malawi</term><term>Masl</term><term>Mauritius</term><term>Michel</term><term>Montpellier</term><term>Mourichon</term><term>Mozambique</term><term>Musa</term><term>Musa germplasm</term><term>Musa pests</term><term>Musacearum</term><term>Musicola</term><term>Mycosphaerella</term><term>Mycosphaerella musicola</term><term>Nematode</term><term>Ngundu taylor</term><term>Nigeria</term><term>Oben</term><term>Outbreak</term><term>Overview</term><term>Oxford university press</term><term>Oxysporum</term><term>Panama disease</term><term>Pathogen</term><term>Personal communication</term><term>Pest</term><term>Pisang</term><term>Pisang awak</term><term>Plant disease</term><term>Plant material</term><term>Plant pathology</term><term>Plantain</term><term>Plantain pests</term><term>Ploetz</term><term>Ploetz pegg</term><term>Poovan</term><term>Pratylenchus coffeae</term><term>Pratylenchus goodeyi</term><term>Radopholus</term><term>Radopholus similis</term><term>Randy ploetz</term><term>Recent advances</term><term>Rusizi valley</term><term>Rutherford</term><term>Rwanda</term><term>Sebasigari</term><term>Sebasigari stover</term><term>Sierra leone</term><term>Sigatoka</term><term>Sigatoka leaf spot</term><term>Sigatoka leaf spots</term><term>Similis</term><term>Simmonds</term><term>Sordidus</term><term>Southern africa</term><term>Stover</term><term>Subgroup</term><term>Sugarcane</term><term>Sukari ndizi</term><term>Sustainable production</term><term>Tanzania</term><term>Teycheney geering</term><term>Tropical agriculture</term><term>Tropical asia</term><term>Tropical pest management</term><term>Tropical race</term><term>Tushemereirwe</term><term>Uganda</term><term>Vcgs</term><term>Viljoen</term><term>Virology</term><term>Vrydaghs</term><term>Weevil</term><term>West africa</term><term>Western kenya</term><term>Xanthomonas</term><term>Xanthomonas campestris</term><term>Yangambi</term><term>Zambia</term><term>Zanzibar</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Bénin</term><term>Burundi</term><term>Cameroun</term><term>Fidji</term><term>Gabon</term><term>Kenya</term><term>Madagascar</term><term>Malawi</term><term>Mozambique</term><term>Nigeria</term><term>Rwanda</term><term>Tanzanie</term><term>Ouganda</term><term>Zambie</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Historique</term><term>Maurice</term><term>Maladie végétale</term><term>Culture tropicale</term><term>Plantation</term><term>Production végétale</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">The genus Musa is not native to Africa. It evolved in tropical Asia, from southwest India eastward to the island of New Guinea. There is a growing circumstantial evidence which suggests that the East African Highland banana and the tropical lowland plantain were cultivated on the African continent since before 1 AD. It is also probable that ABB cooking and AB and AAB dessert cultivars were brought to the continent from India by Arabian traders from 600 AD, and that these were disseminated throughout East Africa. During the colonial era, the main centres of distribution for banana cultivars were botanical gardens, such as Zomba in Malawi, Entebbe in Uganda and Amani in Tanzania. It appears that the very early introductions of Highland banana and plantain arrived in Africa as a relatively clean material without the conspicuous pests and diseases that affect them in Asia. In contrast, several devastating problems now impact the crop in Africa, including nematodes, the borer weevil and diseases, most notably banana bunchy top, banana streak, Sigatoka leaf spots, Xanthomonas wilt and Fusarium wilt. We (a) provide chronological overviews of the first reports/observations of different Musa pests and pathogens/diseases in Africa, (b) highlight specific examples of when a pest or pathogen/disease was introduced via planting materials and (c) give recent examples of how the pests and pathogens spread to new regions via planting materials. In total, these production constraints threaten banana and plantain production throughout the continent and impact those who can ill afford lost production, the small‐holder producer. Our intent in this review is to highlight the significance of these problems and the great importance that infested planting materials have played in their development.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Afrique du Sud</li><li>Australie</li><li>Belgique</li><li>Burundi</li><li>France</li><li>Ouganda</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Californie</li></region></list><tree><country name="Ouganda"><noRegion><name sortKey="Blomme, G" sort="Blomme, G" uniqKey="Blomme G" first="G." last="Blomme">G. Blomme</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Karamura, D" sort="Karamura, D" uniqKey="Karamura D" first="D." last="Karamura">D. Karamura</name><name sortKey="Karamura, E" sort="Karamura, E" uniqKey="Karamura E" first="E." last="Karamura">E. Karamura</name><name sortKey="Tinzaara, W" sort="Tinzaara, W" uniqKey="Tinzaara W" first="W." last="Tinzaara">W. Tinzaara</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ploetz, R" sort="Ploetz, R" uniqKey="Ploetz R" first="R." last="Ploetz">R. Ploetz</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Buddenhagen, I" sort="Buddenhagen, I" uniqKey="Buddenhagen I" first="I." last="Buddenhagen">I. Buddenhagen</name><name sortKey="Gold, C" sort="Gold, C" uniqKey="Gold C" first="C." last="Gold">C. Gold</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Jones, D" sort="Jones, D" uniqKey="Jones D" first="D." last="Jones">D. Jones</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Price, N" sort="Price, N" uniqKey="Price N" first="N." last="Price">N. Price</name></country><country name="Belgique"><noRegion><name sortKey="De Langhe, E" sort="De Langhe, E" uniqKey="De Langhe E" first="E." last="De Langhe">E. De Langhe</name></noRegion></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Geering, A" sort="Geering, A" uniqKey="Geering A" first="A." last="Geering">A. Geering</name></noRegion></country><country name="Afrique du Sud"><noRegion><name sortKey="Viljoen, A" sort="Viljoen, A" uniqKey="Viljoen A" first="A." last="Viljoen">A. Viljoen</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Pillay, M" sort="Pillay, M" uniqKey="Pillay M" first="M." last="Pillay">M. Pillay</name></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Teycheney, P" sort="Teycheney, P" uniqKey="Teycheney P" first="P." last="Teycheney">P. Teycheney</name></noRegion></country><country name="Burundi"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lepoint, P" sort="Lepoint, P" uniqKey="Lepoint P" first="P." last="Lepoint">P. Lepoint</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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